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Aditya L1 is the first space probe from ISRO to study our Sun. Research with Aditya L1 will take a huge step forward in the study of solar corona the solar corona.
Solar corona is the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere which is usually hidden by the bright light of the sun's surface.
The 400 kilogram Aditya L1 will carry six scientific payloads that will be inserted in a halo orbit around the Lagrangian input point 1 or L1. L1 point is 1.5 million kilometers from the earth.
In 2020 Indian Space Research Organisation is looking to cross new frontiers after the successful moon mission in 2019. The space organization is now eyeing to decode the Sun.
ISRO is planning to launch an ambitious solar mission Aditya L1 in the coming year to study the mysteries of the Sun. Indian Space Research Organisation will launch its maiden solar mission Aditya L1 to unravel the mysteries of the celestial body that sustains all life on Earth.
In January 2008 Aditya l1 mission was originally named Aditya 1. It was initially conceived as a 400 kg satellite carrying one payload, a coronagraph however the enhanced aditya l1 will be carrying six loads. The satellite will be inserted in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 or l1 that is roughly 1.5 million kilometers away from the earth being placed in l1 position gives the satellite the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any eclipses.
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Originally the main objective of the Aditya L1 mission was to study the solar corona however the Aditya l1 mission now plans to carry out experiments to study other layers of the sun's atmosphere as well other than corona it will also study sun's chromosphere, photosphere and particle flux emanating from the Sun. Photosphere is the innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere about 500 kilometers thick. The photosphere is a source of light and solar flares. The chromosphere is the next layer that emits a reddish glow that can only be seen during a total solar eclipse. The corona is the outermost layer and aura of plasma that envelops the Sun and is visible to the naked eye during a total solar eclipse. It appears as white streames or plumes of ionized gas that flow outward into space. The Sun's corona has a temperature of more than a million degree Kelvin which is much higher than the solar disk temperature of around 6000 K. The solar corona extends up to several thousands of kilometer above the solar disk that we see and this solar corona has temperature of million degrees Kelvin while the solar disk which is also called the photosphere has temperature of only 6,000 degree Kelvin. So it is a big puzzle as to how come the corona which lies above the solar disk extended to up to few thousand kilometers is so much more hotter than the photosphere which is only 6000 degree Kelvin. How the corona gets heated to such high temperatures is still an unanswered question in solar physics one that aditya L1 mission may find an answer to. To study the Sun the aditya l1 mission will carry six payload including visible emission line coronagraph to study the diagnostic parameters of solar corona.
Solar ultraviolet imaging telescope to image solar photosphere and chromosphere in near ultraviolet and measure solar irradiance variations. Adithya solar wind particle experiment to study the variation of solar wind properties as well as its distribution and spectral characteristics. Plasma analyser package for Aditya l1 so as to understand the composition of solar wind and its energy distribution the coronagraph is a very interesting instrument. If any of you have seen total solar eclipse when the moon completely covers the disc of Sun then the corona is visible otherwise corona is not visible. This coronagraph will create artificial eclipses of the Sun so that you can see the corona that is a coronagraph so it will carry a coronagraph which will provide us how on real-time basis the corona structures are changing. The X-ray cameras and all today's telescopes in this submission will be able to study the depth of Sun, the chromosphere and photosphere. It will also carry a magnetometer to measure the magnitude and nature of the interplanetary magnetic field. The different payloads are being taken care of by multiple institutions and hence the project provides an opportunity to solar scientists from various institutes to participate in space-based instrumentation and observations with inputs.